Unlike the second conditional, which we use to talk about different actions that could be taken now resulting in different consequences now, the third conditional is used to say that if a different action was taken in the past, the result would have been different.
For example: If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
(But the fact is that you didn't study, so you failed the exam.)
Like the second conditional, this is the opposite of reality. But unfortunately, you can't change the past. You have no other choice than to accept the past. And that's why this conditional is impossible; the probability is zero.
Its construction is: if + past perfect, would + present perfect.
The part of the phrase with if can go first or last:
If I had studied hard, I would have passed the exam.
= I would have passed the exam if I had studied hard.
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