First Conditional Variations

Before we take a look at the variations of the first conditional, it would be a good idea to review its basic structure. We use the first conditional to say that if something happens now, then another action will happen as a consequence in the future.

For example: "If I study hard, I will pass the exam."

(If I study hard, I will pass the exam with almost complete certainty.)

In these cases, the probability is very high, although not 100 percent because something unexpected might occur. (For example: You get nervous, you could lose the train, etc.) Nonetheless, you can safely bet[1] on it!

Its structure is: “if” + present simple, future.

The part of the phrase with “if” can go first or last:

"If I study hard, I will pass the exam." = "I will pass the exam if I study hard,."

The variations of the first conditional involve using different conjunctions other than if and using other tenses in the future half of the conditional phrase. Look at the examples below.

I will call you if my bus arrives late.

Call me as soon as the bus arrives.

You have to call me when the bus arrives.

You ought to call me in case the bus doesn’t come.

I won’t call you unless the bus comes late.

By substituting if with another conjunction, the meaning of the statement changes. We use as soon as[2] and when when something happens at the same time as / right after another. We use in case[3] to suggest a possibility. Unless[4] means if not, which we use for threats or warnings.

The future tense can be substituted by the imperative tense (infinitive verb form) or a modal verb, such as have to for obligations, whereas we use ought to, had better or should for suggestions.

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[1] apostar, [2] tan pronto como, [3] en caso de que, [4] a menos que